Environment variables are essential for configuring your Node.js applications, allowing you to tailor settings for different environments like development, testing, and production. While you can set environment variables directly in your system or terminal, a more elegant and organized approach is to use a .env file. This file allows you to store all your environment variables in one central location, keeping them separate from your code and making it easy to manage different configurations.
In this comprehensive guide, we'll delve into the world of environment variables in Node.js, explore the role of the popular dotenv
package, and uncover how to use it effectively. We'll also explore the native way of accessing environment variables in Node.js 20+ using ESM (EcmaScript Modules). Let's get started!